Electronic Hardware
Common Electro-Technical Hardware Terminology
ampere (amp): The unit of measurement for the rate of electrical current flow characterized by the symbols I (in Ohm's law formula) or A . One ampere is the current flowing through one ohm of resistance at one volt potential.
ampere/hour (AH): A measurement of a battery's capacity. One ampere of current flowing for one hour equals one ampere/hour.
annuciator: An audible and visual signaling device.
battery standby: A means of automatically switching over to stored battery power during local primary power failure.
cam: A rotating eccentric piece attached to the end of a cylinder plug to actuate a lock or latch mechanism.
circuit closed: (1) An electrical circuit in which current normally flows until interrupted by the opening of a switch or a switch-type electronic component. (2) A circuit or switch in which the contacts are closed during normal operation.
circuit open: (1) An electrical circuit in which current does not flow until permitted by the closing of a switch or a switch-type electronic component. (2) A circuit or switch in which the contacts are open during normal operation.
closure: The point at which two contacts meet to complete a circuit.
conductor: Material with the ability to carry electric current. The term is also used for an electric wire.
conduit: A tube or trough for protecting wires or cables. It may be a solid or flexible tube in which insulated electrical wires are run.
connector: generally, any device used to provide rapid connect/disconnet service for electrical cable and wire terminations.
contacts: Electrically conductive points used to make or break an electrical circuit mechanically.
current: The flow of electrons through an electrical conductor. Current is measured in amperes.
decibel(db): An increment of measurement used to compare measured levels of sounds energy (intensity) to the apparent level detected by the human ear, expressed as a logarithmetic ratio.
delay: A period of time before or during an event.
delay on break: A term used to describe a mode of operation relative to timing devices. The delay begins when the initiate switch is opened (delay break of initiate switch).
delay: A period of time before or during an event.
delay on energization: A term used to describe operation relative to timing devices. The delay begins when the initiate switch is closed or application of power to the input.
double pole, double throw(dpdt): A term used describe a switch or relay output contact form (2 from C) in which two separate switches operating simultaneously, each with a normally open and normally closed contact and a common connection. This form is used to make and brake two separate circuits.
dry contact: metallic points making (shorting) or breaking (opening) a circuit. The switched circuit must have its own source of power and is merely routed through the dry contacts.
form C contact: A switch mechanism that contains three terminals (normally open, common, and normally closed).
fuse: A protective device, placed in a circuit as a safeguard, that contains a metal. When the current flow becomes too great, the metal melts, thus breaking the circuit.
ground: A conducting connection between an electrical circuit and the earth or other large conducting body to serve as an electrical ground, thus making a complete electrical circuit.
ground, earth: The portion of a circuit that is connected to a buried metallic object such as a grounding rod or water pipe.
input voltage: The designated power source requirement needed by equipment in order to operate properly.
latch: The locking of a circuit by means of a holding contact; used in relay logic when a momentary initiation is required.
light emitting diode: A diode, a solid-state device, that gives off virtually heatless colored light when electric current is passed through it. LED are very efficient and long-lasting and are often used for digital readouts and annunciators. Common colors include red, green, and amber.
local alarm: A visual or audible signaling device located at a monitored door, window, or other openings.
maintained contact switch: A switch designed for applications requiring sustained contacts but with provision for resting.
made of operation: The specified operation condition of a switch, lock, door system, and so forth.
momentary switch: A spring-loaded contact that when pressed, closes two contacts. When pressure is removed. The contacts open.
normally closed(NC): The condition or position of contact prior to initiation or energization in this case, a closed condition.
normally open(NO): The condition or position of contact prior to initiation or energization in this case, an open condition.
operating voltage: The voltage by which a system operates; a nominal voltage with a specified tolerance applied; the design voltage range necessary to remain within the operating tolerance. For example, for a system specified 120 volts +/- 10 percent of nominal, 120 volts is the nominal voltage and the design voltage range is 108 to 132 volts AC.
output voltage: The designated power produced by a power from a supply to operate equipment.
primary: The transformer winding that receives energy from a supply circuit.
rectifier: A solid state electrical device that will allow current to flow in one direction only. It is designed to convert alternating current to direct current.
recycle time: The time needed to reset and rein the timing function and remain within the specified timing tolerances. Recycle time is generally specified "during timing" or "after timing".
regulated power supply: A power supply that provides a constant output regardless of voltage variations.
relay: An electrically controlled device that opens and closes electrical contacts to effect the operation of other devices in the same or another electrical circuit.
remote alarm: A visual or audible signaling device used to signal violations at locations removed from the central control station. For example, a remote alarm may be placed on a roof, in a stair tower, or at guard stations outside a building.
remote reset: A switch located at a monitored opening. If a violation occurs, the alarm at the control console cannot be turned off until the area is secured and the remote reset is activated. its purpose is to ensure the inspection of an opening that has been violated or left open.
reset time: The time required to return the output to its original condition.
resistance: The opposition to the flow of an electric current (measured in ohms); the reciprocal of conductance.
resistor: A circuit element whose chief purpose is to oppose the flow of current.
secondary: The transformer winding that receives energy by electromagnetic induction from primary.
short: An improper connection between current-carryiny wire and neutral or ground.
single pole, double throw (SPDT): A term used describe a switch or relay contact form (1 form C) that has a normally open and a normally closed contact with a common connection.
single pole, single throw (SPST): A switch with one moving and one stationary contact, available either normally open(NO) or normally closed.
switches: Devices that make or break connections in an electrical or electronic circuit. In computing systems, they are also used to make selections (the toggle switch, for example, completes a condition jump). Switches are usually manually operated but can also work by mechanical, thermal, electro-mechanical, barometric, hydraulic, or gravitation means.
switch, momentary: A switch that, when activated, automatically returns to its original position afterwards.
switch, maintained: A switch that , when activated, maintained its activated position until it is unactivated.
switch, normally open: A switch that, when not energized, is open and does not permit current flow.
switch, normally closed: A switch that, when not energized, is closed to form a path for current.
transformer: An electric device that changes voltage in direct proportion to currents and in inverse proportion to the ratio of the number of turns of primary and secondary windings. The input side of transformer is the primary side. The output low-voltage side is called the transformer secondary.
 
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